Multispeed drive axle



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L'. R. BUCKENDALE MULTISPEED DRIVE AXLE Filed April 29, 1943 Sept. 2, 1947.

` by coupling the quill to a Patented Sept. 2, 1947 2,426,593 MULTISPEED DRIVE AXLE v Lawrence R. Buckendale, Detroit, to The Timken-Detroit Axle Company,

Mich., asslgnor Detroit,

Mich., a corporation of Ohio Application April 29, 1943, Serial No. 485,052

(Cl. 'I4-314) 13 Claims.

The present invention relates to multi-speed drive axles, more particularly automotive drive axles of the planetary overdrive type, although it is not limited to such use, since certain features are applicable to other classes of axles.

While axles of this general character have been heretofore proposed and have gone into rather wide use, especially in the pleasure car iieid, they are open to the disadvantages of being bulky, making it necessary to employ a somewhat oversize housing to accommodate their parts; many of them are of complicated costly design, embodying parts which do not stand up in use and require specially trained men to service them, and all o them are difdcult to shift from one ratio to another. y

It is the primary object of this invention to provide a novel planetary drive 'axle which overcomes all of the foregoing disadvantages, is ofv simple, low cost, compact design and yet is of rugged, durable construction, and also possesses additional advantages over the drive axles of the prior art.

Another important object is to provide a planetary drive axle in which the rotor is so designed that it may be made of cast metal and riveted to the ring gear, and yet achieves a structure making it possible, to employ a bevel gear having an overall diameter which is less than that of a forged assembly.

Another object is to provide a planetary drive axle embodying novel direct drive lock-up and geared drive gear assemblies, which are of equal size and pitch and interchangeable, simplifying V installation and replacement.

A further object isto provide a planetary drive axle, in which the shift into geared speed is made stationary part of the device and the shift into direct speed is made by coupling the quill to a rotating part of the device, with coacting clutch teeth having smooth end faces so designed that when they are engagecl in a vgear shifting operation, and pressures having magnitudes bearing, predetermined relationship to certain gear factors are applied, thek confronting tooth endsl will smoothly slide upon each other and prevent intermeshing until synchronization is substantially complete, and will then permit the teeth to mesh and bring the axle into the selected ratio without clash or jerk.

Another object is to provide a planetary drive axle with a novel carrier assembly embodying a one-piece' carrier structure of simple, light weight design, affording adequate working spaces for the planet gears, and having novel means for locking the planet shafts in place and restraining them against rotation, and yet achieving a rugged. durable carrier assembly.

lVIy invention further aims to provide a planetary drive axle with a novel lubrication system which is operable to positively force lubricant axially through all of the working parts of the mechanism and insure adequate lubrication of the parts at all times.

A further object is to provide a novel unitary power-operated shifter assembly for multi-speed axles, adapted tc be secured over an opening in the axle housing and constituting a complete unit containing all the working parts of the Sluiter assembly, making it unnecessary `to Vfasten parts inside the axle housing or to give the axle housing a special shape.

Another object is to provide a novel pinion bearing and lubricant seal assembly and an inspection opening and closure assembly of novel simplified form.

Further subordinate objects will become apparent as the detailed description thereof proceeds in conjunction with the annexed drawings, and from the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a horizontal sectional view through a planetary axle oi the invention, being shown out of simplify the disclosure;

Figure 2 is a ragmental sectional view through the carrier with the gears removed, showing the relationship of the planet shafts and struts; and

Figure 3 is a iragmental sectional view showing the novel inspection opening and closure assembly o the invention.

With continued reference to the drawings, wherein like reference characters have been used to designate similar parts throughout the several views, the invention has been illustrated as applied to an automotive drive axle of the so-called unit type, embodying a housing. having a bowl portion lll made up of mating sections H and' l2, secured together along a plane normal to the axis by means of stud and nut assemblies i3. n It is to be understood, however, that the invention ls equally applicable to carrier type axle constructions, in which all the working parts of the axle are incorporated in a carrier, which is bolted over an opening in the axle housing.

Housing bowl sections Il and l2 receive, and are tightly secured to axle arms M and l5 respectively. Axle shafts I6 and I1 are rotatable in the axle arms and are connected to the vehicl their true positions, to

certain parts Primary reduction Power is applied to the axle by means of a universal `iolnt member I9 secured to a shaft 2| by means of a nut 22. forward extension 23 of housing section I2 by means of bearing cages 24 and 25, carrying antifriction bearings 26 and 21 respectively, and secured to the housing by stud and nut assemblies 28. rlhe inner bearing races are clamped between member |9 and a shoulder on the shaft. Shims. indicated at 29, may be interposed betweenthe bearing cage flanges to secure the proper bearing adjustment, and further shims 3| may be interposed between bearing cage 24 and the housing, to secure the proper mating relationship of the gears, in a manner well understood in this art.

Frictionally tting in a, forward extension 33 of bearing cage 25, so as to obviate the need for special machining, is a seal 34, for minimizing lubricant escape from the front A `slinger 35 carried by member I9 serves to confine any lubricant escaping past ilange 34a of the seal to the front lip of bearing cage extension 33, and prevents it from being thrown outwardly.

Aligned passages 31, 38 and 39, formed in housing section I2 and bearing cages 24 and 25 respectively, serve to conduct lubricant, thrown from the rotor into the open end of wardly to the space between seal 34 and bearing 21, from which it gravitates through the bearings lubricant in the fitting in cage 24 controls ,the rate of lubricant return flow. Shaft 2| preferably is provided with 4| of either the hypoid or bevel desired, and the rear end of the shaft is addiried in a support 43, the latter being supported by legs 44 integrally formed with the housing and a cylindrical'member 45 lubrication system, to be described later.

' Planetary mechanism Mounted for rotation concentric with the axle ,shafts in bearings 41 and 48 is a. rotor R. Bearing 41 is carried in a web-like bearing support 49, preferably integrally formed with housing section II and having a lubricant return passage I, for returning lubricant to the bowl. It is to be understood that port 5| is shown disposed 90 out of position, as in the actual construction it is disposed at the bottom,- lor directly below shaft I 6. The same is true of the lubricant drain plug 52 of housing section I2. Lubricant filler plug 50 is shown substantially in. its correct position in this figure. Bearing 48 is mounted in a seat 53 formed directly in housing section I2.

-Rotor R is of novel construction, it having been possible to construct both parts of castings and yet make it possible to efllciently rivet the bevel gear in place on vthe roto Rotor section Rotor section 59 has a' hub portion 6| journalled in bearing 48; a small diameter portion 62, ousing the differential mechanism; a largeditionally supported in an outboard bearing 42 car- 4 i ameter portion 63 Joined to. the portion by a. substantially radial web portion 64,. and terminates in an inwardly directed flange 55,. which is piloted on surface 58 and is secured to bolting flange 51er the mating rotor section by cap screws or the like.

Shaft 2| is journalled in a 01 the housing.

passage 31, forwhich forms part of the the clutch ring As seen' in Figure 1, a bevelvring gear rigidly secured to be lined up with each rivet. From the foregoing it is apparent that input or inion shaft 2| accurately centered by pilot surface 89. the rotor is 'of cast metal, it is extremely strong and is of unusually compact construction, by reason of the manner in which the bolting flanges 51 and 65 are oset axially toward the center of the housing. 'Moreover, by giving section 83 of the rotor a large diameter, and locating' the rivets within the enlarged diameter portion, the bevel annular or ring-like integral portion 14, a conical end 15 and an inwardly directed seat 16, concentric with. the rotor axis. A plurality (preferably four) of planet shafts 18 are mounted in aligned openings 19 vand 8| provided in rotor section 55 and ring portion 14 respectively. As seen in Figure 2, the planet shafts are disposed intermediate each pair of struts 13.

As seen in Figure 1, the inner race 82 of bearl member 83 tightly tting in seat 1 6, bores 8| inthe carrier intersecting seat 16, as seen in Figure 1. Ring provided with internal teeth 84, and

ry Ice, so as to thermally forcing it into place in the other keying means for insuring synchronous rotation with the carrier. In order to prevent burrs shifting axially, should it come loose or during operation.

As seen in Figure 1, by shaftwith a notch 81,

break sc that they may flt over as seen in Figure l, the ring is operable to restrain the shafts and also Will limit shafts to the right in small diameter y providing each planet Journalled on each planet shaft is a planet gear 89, which constantly meshes with a sun gear (to be hereinafter described) and with an internal gear 9|, which is preferably integrally formed shafts i5 and il are dierential side gears 91 and 98 respectively, which mesh with spider gears 99 carried by a spider i9 the latter being clamped between the two halves of the differential casing.

Endwise movement f the differential casing within the rotor is limited by inwardly directed webs ||l2 and m3 formed on the di'erential casing sections 93 and 94 respectively. Movement to the left is limited by through engagement of web ||l2 with a bushing ||l4 bearing against the side of ring 33, while movement to the right is limited by web |633 engaging abushing |05 abutting the right-hand end face of the rotor. Endwise movement of side gears $1 and 98 is limited by engagement of Webs |02 and |03, with the backs of the gears, suitable bushings being employed to reduce wear, in well known manner.

The dierential casing is accordingly mounted for free rotation within the rotor and is capable of undergoing only limited endwise movement, and it divides the power equally between axle shafts it; and i1 in a manner well understood in this art. The unit is so controlled by the novel mechanism of the invention as to give either an overdrive or a direct drive between the rotor and the axle shafts, in the manner now to be described.

Mounted for endwise shifting movement, and for rotation concentric with the rotor axis, is a sleeve |96 carrying a sun gear |91 at one end, which constantly meshes with planet gears 89. The outer end of sleeve |06 is provided with teeth |38, and it is preferably provided with the same number of teeth, and has the same pitch as sun gear H31- Teeth |08 cooperate with internal teeth on a stationary ring |99, which is preferably of identical size and shape as ring 83, and is expanded into tight frictional locking engagement with a seat in housing section in a manner similar to ring 93. A chip groove |.|2 is provided on the ring periphery, and the ring is preferably pushed into abutting engagement with the end of axle arm |4, so as to locate it in predetermined axial position. Also provided on sleeve Mit, in spaced relationship to ring |03, is

' a ange H3, which cooperates with teeth |839 to define a shifter yoke groove |4.

By shifting sleeve |95 into engagement with ring |99, as shown in Figure l, the device may be placed in the overdrive ratio, and by shifting the sleeve to mesh sun gear teeth |i1 with the teeth 84 of ring 33, the planetary mechanism may be locked up and the device placed in direct or one-to-one drive, as will be hereinafter pointed out.

Shifter mechanism The axle of the invention is also provided with a novel compact, eidcient power shifter mechanism, which requires a minimum oi space and carries all of the parts in a unitary casing structure which is readily attached to or removed from the axle housing.

Referring to Figure l, housing section is provided with a recess H5 terminating at the surface of the housing in a boss providing an inclined bolting face H1, to which the ange base il@ of a power actuator assembly ||9 is secured by screws |20. Unit H9 carries a pair of arms ist projecting downwardly into recess and terminating at their lower ends in shaft supporting portions. Mounted in the lower ends of arms |25 is a shaft tgl-'being secured against rotation in one arm by means of a pin |23. Journalled on shaft |23 is a lever |24, having a forked 1ower end |25. Pivoted in each arm of the fork |25, on a pin |2t, is a block |21, which ts into shifter groove |4. The parts just discussed constitute a Sluiter yoke operable to shift sleeve |06 axially in either direction when lever |24 is rocked.

The upper end of lever |24 is provided with a dat head |28, whose edges are rounded so as to cooperate in rocking engagement with the walls of a notch |29 provided in a shifter rod |3|. The latter is mounted for reciprocation in body H9, and movement thereof to the right is limited by a plug |32, seating in an opening aligned with the rod. Recess |29 has a depth approximately equal to the radius of -rod |3l, with the result that the flat side face of lever portion |28 restrains the rod against any substantial rotation about' its axis.

Rod 53| may be reciprocated by any suitable power or manual means, but I preferably employ a double-acting vacuum assembly embodying a cylinder |34 and a double-acting piston |35.

Conduits |36 and |31 secured to opposite ends of the cylinder lead to any suitable source of vacuum or fluid pressure, for actuating the assembly. For instance, if a source of vacuum is connected to conduit |31, rod |3I will be held in the position shown in Figure 1, and through lever |24 will hold sleeve |06 in the position shown, so as to cause theaxle to operate in the overdrive ratio. By applying the vacuum to conduit |35 and venting Conduit |31 to the atmosphere, the piston and rod will be pulled to the leftl which, through lever |24, will shift sleeve |06 to the right, so as to bring sun gear |01 into' engagement with ring gear d3, and lock up the planetary unit or place it in direct drive. Movement of rod |3| to the left is limited by a stop screw |39 threaded into a member |4|, welded to the inside wall of the cylinder, and locked in adjusted position by a lock nut |42. By threading screw |39 in'or out the stop position of rod |3| may be accurately adjusted. It is to be understood that when it is properly adjusted, sleeve |06 will be stopped before it engages the hub of differential side gear Q1, so as to avoid frictional wear of the parts.

Lubrication The drive axle of the invention also embodies novel lubrication means which will now be described. Provided on the interior of housing section i2 is an annular flange |45, which is preferably integral with the housing and at its forward side merges into support 45 for the outboard bearing. Flange |45 is provided with a smooth internal surface |46 and a number of openings |41 and |48, it being understood that opening |41 is disposed 90 out of position, being disposed directly below axle shaft l1 in the actual construction, so as to lie below the normal lubricant level in the housing and feed lubricant into the space behind flange |45 and onto surface |46.

Cooperating with surface |46 is a ring |49 having one or more helical grooves |5| in its periphery forming, in eEect, an Archimedean pump.

' velocity rather than shear.

Ring |49 is secured to the rotor in any suitable manner, as for instance by cap screws |52, and is also provided with a recess cooperating with a similarly shaped recess in the rotor, to define a lubricant collecting groove |56, which communicates with a plurality of ducts |55 in the rotor.

In response to rotation ofthe rotor, the lubricant passing through openings |41 is propelled into collecting groove |54 by the shear action of the Archimedean pump andis fed under pressure through a plurality of passages |55 into the rotor interior. It should be here noted that this is animportant feature of this invention. In the prior art, as far as is known, the feeding of the oil to the rotor has been dependent on impact paddle action was and is quite satisfactory. However,in a heavy-duty axle of this type where heavy loads are often carried at lower speeds this type of feed is inadequate, as the paddle action which is dependent on the speed of the rotor is not sufficient to pump an adequate volume of oil.

A't higher speeds they The Archimedean pump assembly of the present invention on the other hand has been found to efficiently pump lubricant at low as well as high rotor speeds, thereby making it possible to adequately lubricate heavy-duty slow speedaxles. In the lubrication system of the invention the lead angle of the pump, of course, determines the volume of oil pumped. 'I'hus the amount of lubrication may be nicely controlled for a given construction by incorporating the proper lead angle.

A portion of the lubricant thus pumped into the rotor through passages |55 passes through a plurality of openings |56 into the interior of the differential casing, thereby efficiently lubricating the differential mechanism. 'The remainder passes axially along the narrow annular space between the small diameter portions of the rotor and differential casing. Lubricant passesout of the differential casing through a plurality of ports |51 into the enlarged diameter portion 92y of the differential casing, where it is propelled outwardly by centrifugal force, passing outwardly over internal gear 9|, thereby eciently lubricating it. Also, a part of the lubricant introduced into the differential casing and a part of the lubricant, feeding out of ports |51 finds its way into and lubricates'the axle shaft splines and the planetary gearing. The lubricant spills outwardly over the left hand end of the internal gear and builds up an annular body of lubricant in the enlarged diameter portion of the rotor. When the rotor casing has been lled to a predetermined annular depth, the lubricant finds its way out through the interior of hollow hub section 56 of the rotor. -It is understood that an annulus of apertures may be provided in the rotor portion 55 to provide an outlet for the oil if desired. This .lannulus of apertures will determine the size of the annulus of oil induced by centrifugal force at higher rotor speeds. Adequate lubrication is maintained at all speeds, as at higher speeds the splash and surge of the oil in the housing I2 introduces a greater volume of lubricant to the pump which positively forces it through the dierential and rotor housing. The rotor and differential cas' ings are accordingly maintained filled to a sufflcient annular depth with lubricant to provide adequate lubrication of all the-parts when the mechanism is in operation.

' Operation Assuming that the" partsarel in the positions time the gears will Without jerk or clash.

. action inasmuch as l faces .by connecting line |31 shown in Figure 1, power applied to shaft 2| causes pinion di to drive bevel ring gear 61 at a predetermined speed reduction. -Rotation of the rotor causes planets 89 to undergo a. planetatlng are locked in stationary condition by engagement of ring |09 and teeth |08. Planets 89 accordingly planetateabout stationary sun gear 01, resultingin internal gear 9| being driven at a, speed greater than the rotor, the exact overdrive ratio depending upon the gear sizes selected to give the operating characteristics desired. The power so transmitted to the differential casing is distributed equally between axle shafts |-5 and I1 by the differential mechanism in well'known manner.

Assuming now that the power actuator is operated so as toV rock lever |24 counterclockwise and move sleeve |06 to the right, I have found that by providing the end faces of the teeth of sun gear I 01 and clutch ring teeth 84 with smooth end faces joining the working faces of the teeth along sharp rather than chamfered corners; lo-

eating the end faces of the teeth' in parallel surof revolution generated lei` lines about the axis of the gears; providing a predetermined degree of backlash between the teeth of the mating gears; and employing shift forces of predetermined magnitudes, it is possible to energize the power operator in advance of actually making the shift, and thereafter, upon merely interrupting the delivery of power, without disengaging the vehicle clutch; as for instance by momentarily releasing the accelerator, sleeve |06 will be promptly pulled into a neutral position, with the ends of sun gear teeth |01 smoothf ly sliding upon the end faces of the teeth of ring 84, and that thereafter, upon substantial synchronization of the parts, the Ivacuum operator will promptly pull the gears into mesh without shock or clash. The sharp corners coupled with the facts that they have smooth end faces which ride in frictional engagement during the synchronizing operation .and a limited degree of backlash is employed, which does not provide spaces large enough for the power operator under the predetermined shifting 'pressure to bring the parts into mesh prior to substantial synchronization, mutually cooperate to provide an easily shiftable mechanism.

Accordingly, in to direct drive, it is merely necessary to momentarily release the accelerator,v to allow the vacuum operator to pull the parts out of the overdrive ratio shown, and thereafter to momentarily depress the accelerator to bring the parts up to the speeds required to synchronize them, at which silently mesh in direct drive.

The confronting ends of the teeth |08 and the teeth of stationary ring |09 are also provided with smooth faces disposed in parallel surfaces of revolution so that the shift out of direct drive into the overdrive radio may be also carried out easily Therefore, if it is desired to shift out of the direct drive ratio just described, into the overdrive ratio shown in Figure 1, it is merely necessary to energize'the vacuum operator to vacuum; and momentarily release the accelerator, as the slowing down of the engine will synchronize the parts and allow 4 the vacuum Operator sleeve I 0S and sun gear |01 by rotating parall of the teeth,

in the foregoing shift operation to for a full disclosure of the specific tooth lengths, tooth end face areas, backlash and the shift pressures which have been found successful in .achieving an easy shift operation. t

In Figure 3 there is disclosed a novel peep hole cover assembly forming part of the invention. I have found that by providing a' simple cored opening ist! in the upper portion of housing section il, above the lubricant level and mounting a simple sheet metal cover ISI over the opening, with a nange |62 frictionally engaging the walls thereof a cover assembly is provided which may be readily removed for inspection by prying it off, much in the same manner as tional paint can cover, thereby saving the expense of machining, boring and tapping for a bolted cover.

The` peep hole is located above the lubricant level so it is not necessary that it be absolutely fiuidtight. However, leakagethrough any small opening between the cover flange and the walls of the housing opening, of lubricant thrown from the rotating parts during operation, is prevented by the inner wall of the fiange, which exerts a baiing action upon the thrown lubricant.

The invention may rbe embodied in other'specie forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, The present embodiments are therefore yto be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are thereforev intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by United States Letters Patent is:

l. In a power transmitting mechanism, a housing; a rotor having axially spaced hub portions journalled in anti-friction bearings in said housing; a plurality of shafts mounted in openings in said rotor adjacent one of said anti-friction bearings and adapted to abut the inner race thereof when said shafts are shifted endwise a predetermined distance in one direction; an annular portion on said rotor supporting the other ends of said shafts; a planet gear journalled on each shaft; a clutch ring carried by said annular portion and operable to limit endwise movement of said shafts in the opposite direction; and a sun gear mounted for rotation in said housing and adapted to be meshed with said planets and said clutch ring.

2. The power transmitting mechanism defined in claim 1, wherein said clutch ring and said shafts are provided with coacting means operable to prevent rotation of said shafts about their axes in all endwise shifted positions thereof.

3. In a planetary multiple speed mechanism, in sub-combination, a planet carrier. a plurality of parallel, circularly spaced planet shafts mounted in axially spaced groups of openings in said carrier, one of said groups of openings communieating with an annular seat provided on said carrier; and a toothed ring tightly fitting said annular seat and vcooperating in abutting relationship withA said shafts, to limit endwise movement thereof in one direction; and means, cooperating in abutting relationship with the other ends of said shafts, for limiting endwise movement thereof in the opposite direction.

4. The mechanism defined in claim 3, wherein each of said shafts is provided with a notch'which receives a portion of said ring, whereby the latter removing a convenwhich come within the y of planet l0 is also operable to restrain said shafts against rotation about their axes.

5. The mechanism defined in claim 3, wherein said annular seat faces inwardly and said ring has internal clutch teeth and an outer periphery projecting outwardly beyond the radially inward portions of said shafts and an end face disposed in a plane intersecting said one group of openngs.

6; The mechanism defined in claim 3, wherein said annular seat faces inwardly and said ring comprises an internally toothed clutch ring shrunk into and expanded outwardly into tight frictional locking engagement with said annular seat. i

7. In a multi-speed drive axle, an axle housing having oppositely disposed axle arms: an axle shaft rotatable in each axle arm; 'a rotor journalled in said housing; means for driving said rotor; a casing in said rotor; and a planetary gear mechanism for transmitting power from said rotor to said. axle shafts, comprising a plurality gears rotatably carried by said rotor and constantly meshing with an orbit gear carried by said casing; an axially shiftable `quill `carrying a sun'gear at one end meshable with said planet gears and carrying teeth at the other end, said quill carried teeth being the same in number and pitch as the teeth of said sun gear;

an inwardly facing annular seat in said housing adjacent the teeth of said quill and an inwardly facing annular seat in said rotor` of identical diameter with said first seat; and a pair of sub-l stantially identical internally toothed rings tightly fitting and meshable respectively.

8. In a drive axle having a gear housing and a pair of axle arms fitting in aligned openings in the said housing, an axle shaft rotatable in each axle arm, a rotor journalled in said housing; and a planetary gear mechanism for transmitting withthe quill and sun gear teeth power from said rotor to said axle shafts, comprising a clutch ring tightly fitting into one of the openings of said housing and abutting the end of one of said axle arms.

9. In a drive axle, a housing having oppositely disposed, axle arms containing axle shafts; an input shaft journalled in said housing; a multiple speed gear mechanism in said housing for transmitting power from said input shaft to said axle shafts, comprising a speed ratio selecting member mounted for axial shifting movement in said housing; an opening in said housing adjacent said member; a casing fitting over said opening and having support means projecting through said opening into said housing; a lever device pivoted on said support means and disposed within said housing and said casing and operably connected to said shiftable member; and power operated means, enclosed by said casing and operably connected to said lever device, for shifting said member.

10. In change speed drive mechanism, a housing, a rotor mounted within the housing and multiple speed power transmitting mechanism within the rotor, said mechanism including an axially shiftable speed ratio selecting member having a sun gear at one end, a plurality of planet gears in mesh with said sun gear, a supporting shaft for each planet gear, and means for mounting said shafts in the rotor against axial or rotative movement relative thereto, comprising means fixed to the rotor and coacting with the respective shafts and having parts thereof intermeshing with the said first and second-named seats v 'uned in claim 12,

11 teeth of said sun gear when saidselecting member is shifted to oneipositlon to establish a selected driving speed ratio.

11.' The 'change speed drive mechanism dened in claim 10, in which said last named means is an internally toothed ring xed to the rotorin abutting contact with one end oi' said gear supporting shafts. n

12. In planetary drive axle mechanism, a rotatable planetary gear carrier, a plurality oi.' circumferentlally spaced shafts arranged concentrically with the axis of'rotation of said carrier, a locking member on one end of said carrier formed cooperatively with adjacent ends loi said shafts for locking said shafts against rotation relative to said carrier, planet gears rotatable on' `said shafts, a shiftable I planet gears, and internal teeth 4on said locking member adapted to be engaged by said shiftable sun gear.

13. In the planetary drive axle mechanism demeans providingv an annular seat in said one end of said carrier, and said locking member comprising an annular insert rigidly mountedln ,said seat, the ends `oi.' ysaid shafts being notched to lock with the adjacent" portions of said annular insert. A f

LAWRENCE R. BUCKENDALE.

REFERENCES cnEn The followlngreferences are of record in the ille of this patent:

vNumber* UNITED STATES PATENT Name Date Raven Aug. 12, 1941 Winton' Oct. 27, 1903 Loomis Aug. 4, 1914 Evans June 17. 1929 Rockwell Oct. 8,1929' Ituckstell Mar. 17, 1925 Wiedmaier July 21, 1931 Starr July 3, 1934 Wiedmaier May 14, 1935 Starr 2 -Oct. 6, 1936` Starr Jan. 19, 1937 Harper Feb. 16, 1937 Harper Sept. 24, 1935 Carlson -Feb. 14, 1939 Carlson Feb. 14, 1939 Starr Nov. 7, 1939 Hughes Apr. 24, 1934 Larsh Jan. 24, 1933 Kazenmaier June 11, 1935 Janney Jan. 27, 1914 Flagg Aug; 25, 1931 I Hertz` July 31, 1934 Snow Dec. 24, 1940 Taylor Nov. 25, 1941 Gald May 12, 1925 Staples Apr. 3, 1928 Starr Oct. 14, 1924 Wiedmaier July 21, 1931 

